GS-II — Governance & Social Justice

📌 New Labour Codes

Questions on 4 labour codes, gig workers, social security, and constitutional dimensions.

🔀 Cross-Subject Angles:

• Economic Impact — GS-III — Effect on industrial relations, employment • Constitutional Validity — GS-II — Federal structure, fundamental rights • Historical Evolution — GS-I — Labour laws from colonial era • Ethical Considerations — GS-IV — Workers' rights vs business interests

SAMPLE MCQ: Q1. The consolidation achieved by new Labour Codes: (a) 44 existing laws into 4 codes (b) 29 existing laws into 4 codes ✓ (c) 36 existing laws into 3 codes (d) 25 existing laws into 5 codes ⚠️ Trap: Option (a) uses 44 which is total amendments to Constitution - common confusion. 💡 Key Point: 29 central labour laws consolidated into Code on Wages, Industrial Relations, Social Security, and Occupational Safety. --- SAMPLE MAINS: M1. "The new Labour Codes represent a paradigm shift from protective to promotional labour legislation. Critically examine this statement." (15 marks) Must Include: Code on Wages 2019, Social Security Code 2020, gig workers inclusion, fixed-term employment

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